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	<title>Indonesian touristic circuit &#187; The Fighting Techniques</title>
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	<description>an endless series of attractions</description>
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		<title>The Fighting Techniques</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 02:30:17 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Fighting Techniques]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The WAYANG Puppet Theatre of Java and Bali]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[<strong><em>Ampyak</em> Fight</strong>

This scene of great activity usually takes place after the departure of the  army from its camp and when it encounters obstacles which to be cleared. To  symbolize the obstacle the <em>Gunungan</em> figure is placed on the lefthand  side of the <em>Kelir</em> screen. After the <em>dhalang</em> has explained the  situation, the army symbolically beats againts the <em>Gunungan</em> to show the  obstacle being cleared or surmounted. Thus the scene represents cooperation and  communal effort in the overcoming of difficulties. The army moves from right to  left, struggles with the <em>Gunungan</em>, and indicates the building of the  road, the bridging of a river or the scalling of a mountain pass. When the scene  is concluded, the <em>dhalang</em> again takes up the story and described the  destination of the army.

<strong><em>Gagal</em> Fight</strong>

Eventually the knights and their followers encounter the look out and guards  of the kingdom they are entering, and the fight, which ensues is called the  <em>Perang Gagal</em>. It's so called because in this fight no blood is shed;  the fighting is with first, and finally the knightly heroes uses their magical  powers to summon up a great wind or mist to confuse and disperse the enemy.

<strong><em>Kembhang</em> Fight</strong>

This fight is technically one of the more exacting tests of the  <em>dhalang</em>'s art of <em>wayang</em> manipulation, and is eagerly awaited  by the audience. It commonly takes place at about 1 or 2 a.m. The fight involves  a knight or princess and a group of titans, who menace and attack the hero or  heroine in a journey. Before the fight, we find the knight or princess in the  wood exchanging banter with clowns, in a scene of delightful commedy, which is  interrupted by the arrival of the titans. The <em>dhalang</em> is at the fulest  extent of his powers in this scene, handling delicate movements while singing  the songs and delivering the quickfire dialog of the clowns. It's by this scene  and that which ensues that the skill of the <em>dhalang</em> can best be judged.  The technique need of course meticulous practice, and the knight or princess  prevails not by brute force but by skill in ducking, weaving, and parrying the  furious blows of the titans. All this must be indicated by wrist and finger  movements on the part of the <em>dhalang</em>. The main movements involved may  be summarized as follows: giving rapid blows with the right and left hands;  grabbing the <em>Keris</em>, disarming the titan, and killing him with his own  <em>Keris</em>.

<strong><em>Ksatriya</em> Fight</strong>

In this battle use is made of the <em>Keris</em> and of arrows and the power  of the knights lies not in their physical strength, but in their magical power.  Most of them cannot be wounded by weapons made of steel. Magical arrows are used  which, being shot from the bow, multiply into thousands of darts. The arrows my  turn into balls of fire, a rainstorm or a tempest. Sometimes visible weapons are  not used at all, the conflict being waged by means of spells and magical  incantations. These are sometimes in the form of whole armies of immortal  spirits. The knight can himself assume the form of a titan, a <em>garudha</em>,  a lion, a tiger, a dragon, wind or fire. Female characters also fight, with  daggers and arrows. On the death of her lover, a princess commits suicide with  the <em>Keris</em> rather than fall into the hands of his opponent.

<strong>Amok Fight</strong>

The technique of this fight is nearly the same as that of the <em>Gagal</em> battle, involving fist and kick. <em>Werkodhara</em> fights and defeats the  titan king and all his army, when they attack the <em>Pandhava</em>. In the  middle of the fight there is a symbolical dance presaging victory known as  <em>Tayungan.</em>

<strong>Creatures Fight</strong>

The movements in this fight depend of course on the different natural weapons  of the various creatures. Thus a great snake or dragon will try to swallow its  victim, a <em>garudha</em> bird will fight with talons and beak, an elephant  uses his trunk and tramples his opponent, while apes bite and throw stones and  other missiles.[email_link]<p>Narasumber: Moerdowo,R.M.</p>]]></description>
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